Sinus lift surgery, also known as sinus augmentation, is a dental procedure that adds bone to the upper jaw in the area of molars and premolars to support dental implants. There are two main types: lateral window sinus lift and transcrestal sinus lift. In this article, we discuss both types as well as the graft materials used and the symptoms you can expect after the surgery.
Sinus lift for implants: when is it needed?
A sinus lift is necessary when there isn’t enough bone height in the upper jaw, or the sinuses are too close to the jaw, making it difficult to place dental implants. Insufficient bone can result from:
- Tooth loss: Missing teeth, especially for an extended period, can lead to bone resorption.
- Periodontal disease: This severe condition can cause bone deterioration.
- Anatomical factors: Genetics must be mentioned, too: naturally large sinuses or a thin jawbone can also limit bone availability.
In all three cases, performing a sinus lift for dental implants is necessary.
Types of sinus augmentation
Lateral window sinus lift
In a lateral window sinus lift, the procedure begins with the administration of local anesthesia or deep sedation to ensure patient comfort. The gum tissue is then carefully incised to expose the underlying bone on the lateral aspect of the upper jaw. Using a small drill or piezoelectric instrument, the surgeon creates an oval or rectangular access window in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. The membrane is gently separated from the underlying bone using specialized instruments, while carefully avoiding membrane perforation. Once an adequate space has been created beneath the membrane, the bone graft material is packed into the newly formed cavity. This grafting material acts as a scaffold, stimulating new bone growth. The lateral window is then either covered with a resorbable membrane or left to heal naturally. Finally, the gum tissue is repositioned and sutured, initiating the healing phase. Over the next four to nine months, the graft integrates with the patient’s natural bone, creating sufficient height and density for implant placement.
Transcrestal sinus lift
The transcrestal (osteotome) sinus lift, in contrast, is a less invasive approach typically used when only a minor increase in bone height is needed. Instead of accessing the sinus through the lateral wall, this technique works through the implant site itself. After administering anesthesia, the dentist or oral surgeon drills into the alveolar ridge at the planned implant location. Using progressively larger osteotomes, the existing bone is gradually expanded while exerting controlled upward pressure on the sinus floor. This controlled elevation lifts the sinus membrane without requiring a separate access point. Once the membrane has been sufficiently raised, the bone graft material is inserted directly through the prepared implant site. In many cases, the dental implant can be placed simultaneously with the sinus lift, reducing treatment time. The gum tissue is then closed, and the healing process begins, allowing the new bone to integrate before the final implant restoration is completed.
Both techniques serve the same purpose—creating enough bone volume in the upper jaw to support implants—but they differ in their level of invasiveness, healing times, and indications. The lateral window technique remains the preferred option when significant bone augmentation is required, while the transcrestal technique is ideal for cases where only a small increase in bone height is needed and where the patient already has at least 5–6 mm of residual bone.
What graft materials are used in sinus lift surgery?
Bone graft materials used in sinus lifts include:
- Autogenous bone grafts: Bone harvested from the patient’s own body.
- Allogeneic bone grafts: Sterilised bone from a human donor.
- Xenogeneic bone grafts: Sterilised bone material from an animal source, typically bovine (e.g. Bio-Oss).
- Alloplastic materials: Synthetic bone substitutes.
The choice depends on factors like the required bone volume and patient-specific considerations.
Common symptoms after surgery
Post-surgery, patients may experience swelling in the cheek or gum area, minor bleeding from the nose or mouth, and some pain and discomfort.
Sinus lift failure symptoms: how do you know something might be wrong?
If you experience continuous bleeding that doesn’t subside, a fever, or the swelling and/or pain does not cease even after the typical recovery period, make sure you contact your dental surgeon.
Sinus lift surgery in Budapest
Located in the heart of Budapest, Uniklinik Dental and Implant Center offers a wide range of treatments, including sinus lift surgery. If you suffer from tooth loss, consult with our experts specialized in prosthodontics. If they recommend implants, and you happen to need a sinus lift, our experienced oral surgeons can perform it with the most cutting-edge technologies available.